laravel get url parameters in controller

1/** resources/my_view.blade.php */
2
3{{ request()->id }}
4

1 Input::get('lastName') ;
2//lastName is variable in view

1public function update($name)
2{
3    User::where('name', $name)->first();
4    return view('test')->with('user', $user);
5}
6

1url('path') . '?' . http_build_query(['param1' => 'value', 'param2' => 'value']);
2

1Route::put('user/{name}', 'UserController@show');
2

1Route::get('/posts/{post}/comments/{comment}', function ($postId, $commentId) {
2    return view('name of the view')->with('postId',$postId);
3});