1void fastInput(int &x)
2 {
3 bool neg=false;
4 register int c;
5 x =0;
6 c=getchar();
7 if(c=='-')
8 {
9 neg = true;
10 c=getchar();
11 }
12 for(;(c>47 && c<58);c=getchar())
13 //bit shifting is faster than other operation
14 //here code below is same as
15 //x = x*10 + c-48
16
17 x = (x<<1) + (x<<3) +c -48;
18 if(neg)
19 x *=-1;
20 }